Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg (Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim)

Description

Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg, also known as Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), is a combination antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. The particular formulation you mentioned 480 mg, which is the most common, comprises 400 mg of sulfamethoxazole, and 80 mg of trimethoprim. However, it appears there could be some confusion because Co-Trimoxazole typically available in liquid or tablet. Below, I’ll provide more detailed details about Co-Trimoxazole. I’ll focus on its tablet form since there isn’t a standard formulation for this antibiotic.

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Co-Trimoxazole (Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim) Overview

Composition:

• Sulfamethoxazole: 400 mg
• Trimethoprim: 80 mg

Mechanism of Action

Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg works by preventing the bacterial production of dihydrofolic acid. Sulfamethoxazole hinders the synthesis process of dihydrofolic acids by competing with para-aminobenzoic acids (PABA) and trimethoprim blocks the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid through binding and inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase enzyme. This dual action causes the bactericidal action.

Indications:

Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg is a treatment for various infections caused by bacteria, including:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Respiratory tract infections (e.g., the bronchitis)
• Gastrointestinal diseases (e.g. traveler’s diarrhea and Shigellosis)
• Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), especially in patients with a compromised immune system.
• Otitis otosis (acute Otitis media)
• Certain kinds of sepsis and soft tissue infections

Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg Dosage and Administration

• Adults and children older than 12 years old The recommended dosage is 480 mg tablets per day. For serious illnesses, the dose can be increased.
• Children younger than 12 years old Dosage is generally determined based upon body weight and is administered via oral suspension.

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What is a Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg Side Effects?

Common adverse effects of Co-Trimoxazole include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Rash
• Appetit loss
• Mild diarrhea

Serious side effects can include:

• Extreme allergic reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
• Blood disorders (e.g. anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia)
• Hepatic necrosis
• Interstitial nephritis
• Hyperkalemia
• Meningitis aseptic

Contraindications:

Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg is not recommended in patients with:

• Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulfonamides
• Kidney or liver disease
• Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency

Warns and Precautions

• Photosensitivity Patients should avoid excessive UV light or sun exposure.
• Folate deficiency: Long-term use may require folate supplementation.
• Renal function Monitoring is advised for those suffering from kidney impairment.
• Drug interactions Co-Trimoxazole is a drug that interacts with a variety of drugs, including warfarin methotrexate and phenytoin.

Storage:

• Keep Co-Trimoxazole 480 mg the storage at room temperature away from moisture and light.
• Keep away from the reach of children.